Combination treatment of chemotherapeutic brokers and LILFU may improve the chemosensitivity of malignancy

Combination treatment of chemotherapeutic brokers and LILFU may improve the chemosensitivity of malignancy. signaling MI 2 pathway-associated proteins. Xenograft models in mice were established to identify the enhancing effect of GEM+LILFU and were decreased in the GEM+LILFU group. Notably, LILFU increased the effectiveness of GEM in inhibiting tumor growth, and reduced the expression levels of Ki-67 in the xenograft mouse model. LILFU improved the chemosensitivity of ASPC-1/GEM cells via inhibition of cell viability and proliferation, and promoted cell apoptosis in the GEM+LILFU group. In conclusion, LILFU may downregulate the expression levels of ABC transporters by inhibiting the PI3K-p110/AKT/NF-B signaling pathway, thereby reversing resistance in pancreatic malignancy. and thrombolysis, analgesia, desensitization and dental medical procedures. Additionally, Yu reported that low-frequency ultrasound has a synergistic antibacterial effect on bacteria and chlamydia in combination Rabbit Polyclonal to CDK8 with drugs or antibiotics (33). Therefore, ultrasound can serve a biological role under the premise of ensuring security and feasibility within a certain frequency and intensity range. Ultrasound can selectively increase the permeability of the tumor cell membrane to accumulate higher intracellular concentrations of drugs in the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia and ovarian carcinoma (34,35). Hassan (36) observed higher sensitivity in drug-resistant uterine sarcoma cells following exposure to ultrasound compared with in cells exhibiting a normal response to treatment. Therefore, ultrasound may improve the anticancer effect of doxorubicin in resistant cells (36). In addition, ultrasound-induced local hyperthermia was found to increase the cellular uptake of drugs and induce death of drug-resistant cells (37). Furthermore, Ning (38) reported that high-intensity focused ultrasound enhances the effect of bufalin by inducing apoptosis in PDAC. Liu selected ultrasound parameters with a frequency of 300 kHz, an average intensity of 1 1 W/cm2, a time of 6 min, and a duty cycle of 50% to treat ovarian malignancy xenografts (39). Huang selected ultrasound parameters with a frequency of 1 1 MHz, an average intensity of 0.74 W/cm2, a time MI 2 of 5 min, and a duty cycle of 20% both and (40). Wu MI 2 selected continuous ultrasound parameters with a frequency of 1 1 MHz, an average intensity of 1 1.2 W/cm2, and a time of 10 sec (41). Hassan selected ultrasound parameters with a frequency of 1 1 MHz, an average intensity of 0.4 W/cm2, a time of 1 1 min, and a duty cycle of 10% (36). Sun chose continuous ultrasound parameters with a frequency of 300 KHz, an average intensity of 1 1 W/cm2, and a time of 40 sec (42). He selected ultrasound parameters with a frequency of 300 KHz, an average intensity of 2 W/cm2, a time of 10 min both and (43). Liu selected ultrasound parameters with a frequency of 1 1 MHz, an average intensity of 0.4 W/cm2, a time of 20 min (37). Based on the above recommendations and our previous experiments, we selected ultrasound parameters with a frequency of 360 KHz, an average intensity of 0.2 W/cm2, a time of 5 min, and a duty cycle of 50% through a non-invasive approach without decreasing the penetration ability. Previous studies have demonstrated that this PI3K/AKT signaling pathway is usually a mediator of chemoresistance in PDAC (45,46). Zhang (47), demonstrated that overexpression of galectin-1 activates the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, and PI3K/AKT cascade activation induces hepatocellular carcinoma resistance to sorafenib and promotes the progression of liver malignancy. Furthermore, Liang (48) reported that STAT3 phosphorylation activates the.

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